Thursday, October 31, 2019

Consumer behavious - B2C and B2B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer behavious - B2C and B2B - Essay Example This paper therefore, shall be focussed on the identification and evaluation of the various dimensions of consumer behaviour and consumer decision making process based on the differences between the B2B and the B2C buying behaviour. Moreover, the paper shall also aim at providing few real life illustrations to demonstrate the major differences between the consumer behaviour in B2B and B2C markets. The paper shall also look into the buying process in the B2C markets. Differences between the Buyer Characteristics of B2B and B2C Customers According to most of the authors, researchers and marketers, the buying behaviour of consumers differs vastly in terms of B2B and B2C markets. The differences can be identified on the ground of various features related to the overall buying behaviour of the targeted customer group. To be precise, the buying behaviour of B2B and B2C consumers largely differs in terms of market structure, buying unit, kind of purchase, nature of the buying process and co mmunication (Dave, 2008). B2B Consumer B2C Consumer Market Structure: The structure of a market refers to the buying capacity of the targeted customers. ... prefer buying in units Kind of Purchase: This particular attribute of the buying behaviour of the targeted customers refers to the reason of purchase. Business or industrial consumers purchase goods or services in order to satisfy their business needs rather than their personal needs In the case of individual customers the reason to purchase a good or service is to satisfy their personal needs or family needs (Pearsoned, 2006) Nature of the Buying Process: The buying decisions of the customers are also considered to be different in the case of a B2B customer and a B2C customer. The buying process is highly formalised and therefore faces major inconvenience as a result of supply failure The buying process is comparatively less formalised and thus creates a minimal amount of inconvenience in the failure of the supply (Pearsoned, 2006) Communication: Communication is the factor which assists the marketer to create an impulse on the targeted customers. In the case of corporate buyers, th e impulse of personal selling is greater than mass media communication In case of the B2C customers, the influence of mass media tends to be much more effective than personal selling (Pearsoned, 2006) Other than these differences the buying behaviour of B2B and B2C customer also varies from several other influences such as the macro and micro environmental fluctuations. For instance, the buying behaviour of a B2B customer in an FMCG company is highly influenced by the fluctuations of the company’s financial stability or other economic trends. Contradictorily, the buying behaviour of a B2C customer does not directly get influenced by the ups and downs of the micro-environment (Barschel, 2007). The differences in the B2B and the B2C consumer buying behaviour can be again identified in the

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

How Demographics Affect Schools And Educational Processes Essay

How Demographics Affect Schools And Educational Processes - Essay Example The NCLB Act requires all states to demonstrate their annual progress in increasing the percentage of pupils â€Å"proficient in reading and math and in narrowing the test-score gap between advantaged and disadvantaged students†. The law is also responsible for encouraging states to improve upon the standards of student testing, overhauling their systems of accountability and ascertaining the qualifications of their teachers in their relevant subject areas. Ever since the NCLB law has been passed, many non-profit organizations have been making significant contributions towards the objective of closing the achievement gap. Some such organizations include the and Related Education Programming, the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education and the Teachers21 organization. The Teachers21 Organization is only one of the many significant organizations working for the systemic reformation of the education system of America. In a document proposing steps that can be taken for the reduction of â€Å"educational inequities†, the organization recognizes that the NCLB Act â€Å"has more keenly focused state and district attention to these achievement gaps and the needs of traditionally low-performing students. This document also outlines various studies pertaining to the subject of the reasons behind the achievement gap, professing that a number of scholars opine that in order for this issue to be addressed in its entirety, the social and economic reasons that contribute to achievement gaps need to be resolved. The organization supports the view of Rothstein (2004) and a significant number of others that the elimination of gaps in academic achievement and the fulfillment of the goal of educational equity require a total and determined commitment to mak e sincere efforts that address

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Reflection on Food Waste

Reflection on Food Waste As a part time employee in a grocery store during my early high school days, I witnessed on a regular basis that at the end of each day a large quantity of baked goods and perishable food items which had reached their shelf life were carted to the garbage compactor. At the same time at the stores front entrance there were a couple of aged and homeless people begging for alms in order to buy their daily meal. I wondered at the time as to why the discarded food could not instead be distributed to those in dire need of it waiting just outside. As I continued with my studies in university I realized that the same scenario was and is still being played out on a global scale where food does not reach the people who need it the most; but for different reasons. While in the case of the hungry outside the grocery store, the action may have been necessary to prevent pandemonium and inconvenience for the staff. However globally, human hunger and starvation is caused by food shortages resulting from environmental degradation, rapid population growth, questionable technology and current economic models. Through the Holy Bible, the basis of my faith, I know that God has given all human beings dominion over the earth and all its creatures but for our own selfish purpose we tend to interpret the facility granted to us as permission to unbridled mastery over nature. We ought to remember that being given dominion over the earth merely makes us custodians of His creation. Gerald Barney, a scientist aptly stated that, for the first time in the history of Creation, the life support systems of the planet earth are being destroyed by human activities. Throughout history humans have caused locally significant damage to the environment, but never before have human numbers and actions combined to threaten the integrity of the entire planet.[1] In light of this shocking reality there is an ever increasing need for the implementation of a just and sustainable global food system to prevent humanity from crises, for hunger and malnutrition are responsible for more deaths today than any known disease . Each and every human being must be responsible participants in the reduction of global climate change which has caused major environmental disasters. Floods and droughts are known to be the main causes of worldwide food shortages and famines. Since my childhood I was always taught not to waste food and not to eat as if there was no tomorrow. I realize the wisdom in that teaching as there is not only an environmental cost of getting food on the table but it also leaves a detrimental footprint on nature in the form of global warming, pollution, destruction of the eco system, degradation of arable land and fresh water supply. Unlike the aboriginal peoples of our land who treated the earth and nature as sacred using it strictly for basic living needs, in our society as a whole we conceive of the land in terms of ownership and use. It is a lifeless medium of exchange.[2] How do we cultivate a way of life that does not violate the integrity of creation? Will we use the knowledge, be ready to use every effort and continue in our perseverance to prevent further damage to the environment and replenish the arable lands that now lie wasted? The answer is in the hands of each and every human being. Just as each member of a family is responsible for the maintenance and protection of their home, we as a global family must adopt the same attitude caring for our planetary home, we call Earth. While environmental degradation may be the indirect result of our actions, we humans are directly in control of the size of our families and the global population at large, however controversial the methods employed may be. Can the rate of the worlds staple crop production keep feeding the hungry on this earth? Both my parents came from large families in India and with the modest incomes both sets of grandparents earned; they were able to nourish their children. Basic fruits and vegetables were home grown and staple grain was locally produced or easily available. Hunger and malnutrition, I was told was minimal in those times. Presently, in the land of my ancestors, having large families is still considered a blessing from God in spite of widespread poverty, malnutrition and hunger; a human crises that is rising exponentially. They were fruitful and prolific; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong, so the land was filled with them.[3] The land is said to be full when the food sup ply is inadequate and the environment is deteriorating. It is also known that a full environment is a dynamic concept depending on the application of human wisdom and knowledge.[4] The same Creator who declares children are a reward is also displeased when overpopulation causes destruction of His handiwork. Do we have the wisdom and the knowledge to offer proper advice for human reproduction? If so, will we be able to ensure the present global population and guarantee future generations an abundance of what creation has to offer? If we fail to find positive answers to the issue of overpopulation, the global food shortage will create chaos in poor nations further causing these failed states to export diseases and refugees. The earth does not contain resources to feed the hungry indefinitely for this will cause global grain shortage which in turn would raise prices and put food out of reach of even more people. In our quest for the growing demand of food worldwide, we must do all within our power to make agriculture as productive as possible. As a student of commerce and economics I am aware that less land is required for farming if production is maximized per acre leaving more land to be left in its wild and natural state. Biotechnology through genetic engineering of seeds has been a boom to agriculture by increasing the yield of crops, using less water and pesticides, creating less stress on our fragile land and producing grain of a higher nutritional value. However the use of biotechnology is a sharply divided issue because it also gives humans the right to claim a patent on life form which is an ethical concern. Are we trying to play God? Needless to say the very success of natural science has bred an attitude which has allowed for the exploitation and domination of the natural world in complete disregard to the social and ecological consequences.[5] Firms try to maximize profits where the marginal cost of production equals the marginal benefit derived from the produce. However, this current economic model, in my opinion, is flawed as it does not include the implicit cost of environmental degradation caused through the use of pesticides or improper crop rotation that is incurred in the production of food. Essentially, companies in the food biotech industry only seem to care about maximizing their profits regardless of how it affects the environment or humans that depend on food for survival. It is very disturbing to hear that food biotech companies purchase some of the crops from third world countries in order to genetically modify the seed only to sell it back at prices that are at a very high premium.A biotech company in the U.S. bought coffee beans from Brazil in order to genetically modify them so that they would be more weather-resistant to climate changes in Brazil that threatened future crops. However, when it came time to selling these genetically modifi ed beans back to Brazil, this same biotech firm marked up the price to the extent that Brazil was unable to afford it. Developing countries should not be subjected to this unethical practice carried out by such firms. Therefore, in my opinion, in order to build a sustainable future for people, a new earth economic model needs to be developed, one that aligns the economy with ethics and the environment. Will future life and production be controlled through biotechnology and selfish economic considerations? To counter any advancement that technology has made to benefit human food security, staple grains are now being grown to produce bio-fuels. According to the teachings of my faith, do not, for the sake of food, destroy the work of God. Everything is indeed clean, but it is wrong for you to make others fall by what you eat.[6] It would prick my conscience to realize that in order to drive my car across Canada it would require an acre of corn if not more; grain that could have been used to feed so many hungry and malnourished people in this world. The need for the development of alternate fuels is no doubt an urgent issue but it should not be at the cost of seeing our very own species placed in dire straits; an ethical irresponsibility. The last third of the twentieth century witnessed an unprecedented shift in the Human-Earth relationship; the Third Mediation as Thomas Berry termed it. Human impact now threatens Earths capacity to regenerate life as we know it and love it. Despite our basic dependence for survival on this planet, we continue to damage it through environmental degradation, overpopulation, massive use of technology and economic greed. If we are to achieve a globally just and sustainable food system, we have to learn to live in a way that does not outstrip natures capacity to regenerate itself on its own time cycles and terms. Further we should avoid forcing changes in natural systems themselves, changes that are at times even difficult for adaptable species to accept. Endnotes Rasmussen, Larry. Toward an Earth Charter. Religion Online. The Christian Century Foundation, 23 Oct. 1991. Web. 14 May 2010. . N. Scott Momaday, A First American Views His Land, National Geographic Magazine (July 1976), 18. Meeks, Wayne A. Exodus. HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version (with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books). Student ed. SanFrancisco: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1994. 79. Print. Fick, Gary W. Ecology in the Bible. Food, Farming, and Faith (S U N Y Series on Religion and the Environment). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press, 2008. 37. Print. Gorringe, Timothy. Playing God. Harvest: Food, Farming and the Churches. London: SPCK, 2006. 117. Print. Meeks, Wayne A. Romans. HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version (with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books). Student ed. SanFrancisco: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1994. 2135. Print.

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Lovemad Woman in Nineteenth Century Literature :: literature literary criticism

The Lovemad Woman in Nineteenth Century Literature    The lovemad woman was a very important part of nineteenth-century literature. The lovemad woman, originally characterized as a female who becomes insane due to the departure of her lover, was an important character in literature. From Antigone to Ophelia to Jane Eyre, the lovemad woman is seen throughout literature in various contexts. The definition of such a woman changed as the definition of what is it to be a woman in general changed throughout history. Love madness was seen both in the literature of the nineteenth century and in reality. At the time, the definition of insanity and how it should be treated was going under dramatic changes. Love madness was seen as a primarily female disease. Insanity in general was seen to occur more often in females due to their natural weakness. Being female was almost a form of insanity because of what is seen as their biological inferiority. Living in a male-dominated society, women were forced to be weak, to be sickly. Women were looked at as unnatural if they were too forceful in their actions and emotions. They were also looked down upon if they expressed their sexuality too blatantly. Love madness itself is linked with "sexual knowledge and innocence" (Small 83). A woman was in danger of becoming mad if she had too much sexual knowledge: "A young lady was only worth as much as her chastity and appearance of complete innocence . . . . Once lead astray, she was the fallen woman, and nothing co uld reconcile her until she died" (Lee). Nineteenth-century British society was able to brainwash females into ignoring their sexuality through tales of Medusa-like creatures (Gilbert 53). Young women would hear various tales of women who had given into their carnal desires and then as punishment became virtual monsters. An example of this can be seen in Bertha Mason, who becomes a monster due to her overpowering sexual nature. Elaine Showalter addresses these legends in her book, A Literature of Their Own, by saying "the legends themselves express a cultural attitude toward female passion as a potentially dangerous force that must be punished and confined" (Showalter 119). These monsters of women are experiencing what became to be known as moral insanity. J.C. Prichard defined moral insanity as "a morbid perversion of the natural feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, habits, and moral dispositions without any notable lesion of the intellect" ( Small 163).

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Is “Lord of the Flies” a Searching Examination

Wave got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages we're English. And the English are best at everything. † These are lines taken trot chapter 2 tot the novel ‘Lord tot the Flies'. To show the change in the character and the situation through the novel here is another quote from the last chapter of the novel, â€Å"l should have thought,† said the officer as he visualized the search before him, â€Å"l should have thought that a pack of British boys- you're all British aren't you? Could have been able to put up a better show than that— mean—â€Å". The novel shows Itself to be a lot of things, a comment on war, an adventure novel or d statement of character. Through the book Gilding attempts to not only warn us about the consequences of another war, but also enables LIST to view an array of different personalities and people profiler Yes, ‘Lord of the Flies' is a searching examination tot human nature, where trot the reader not only gets an authorial opinion on various types of people but also get to, for themselves, form an image of the individualistic of each and every character.The arguable protagonist of the novel is Ralph, a rational and democratic leader who is Mathew obsessed with the fire. In the start of the novel he too is Indifferent towards the easy target Piggy, but slowly learns to respect him. It Is Ralph who Initially keeps the boys focused on their goal of being rescued. But ads his mind gets clouded so does his objective. Gilding shows Ralph to be the closed man, an evolved creature who conforms to society but still has his flaws.Ralph shows his flaws when he continues to disregard Piggy's asthma by saying â€Å"Sucks to your as- marl† whenever the topic is broached. He also shows poor Judgment when he gives into his primitive instincts and participates in the killing of Simon. Ralph to the reader symbolisms the leader who is civilized and dedicated but can often slip-up and make m istakes. His relatable reactions and simple solutions represent a man of will, vivo Is defeated by circumstance. He wants to let the fire continue but has too little manpower to do so, but still persists on finding a solution the next day.We also see him to be delusional at times, like when the curtain flickers In his brain and he Is unable to think HIS biggest moment of what can be called stupidly Is when he says, â€Å"Supposing we go, looking like we used to, washed and hair brushed?- tater all we rent savages really and being rescued isn't a game—â€Å". He believes that despite the savagery that has spread through Jack and this tribe they will listen to him if he takes a shower, it is possibly his biggest moment of failure. Through the same instance we see another trait of human nature in him which Is desperation.Ralph is trying to cling on to any little form of order and hope that he can muster. He hopes to win the other boys over with his endeavourer to appeal to the little remnants of collocation, Another striking event that stands out with respect to Ralph Is when he slaughters the beast†, he Is the one trying to establish decorum and It Is he who destroys the reason tort chaos. To contrasts Ralph as the civilized human being Gilding creates Jack, the adversary. Ironically a choir boy, Jack slowly turns out to be tyrannical dictator and comes to represent the evil or the ruthless side tot human nature.A first, Jack goes along with Ralph and allows himself to be appeased as the head of the hunters. He is content with his position and desperately tries to gather meat. His first attempt at killing the animal is disastrous not due to lack of skill, but because he still as some conscience left in him and is actually scared of committing the murder. He also says that while he hunts he feels like he is â€Å"being hunted†. This shows the last fragments of humanity left in him. He turns into an almost repulsive animal at the end of the n ovel.Gilding shows man's primitive instincts in Jack, his need for food, power and blood. We often wonder from where the deep seethed blackness appears in Jack. I can only speculate that the intensive education provided to him in the church results in a catastrophic rebellion where Jack loses all sense of sanity and informs to the baser human. Towards the end of the novel Jack is adhered to as the chief and everyone on the island fears him. He hates Piggy from the very beginning and is fearful of his intelligence.He knows that Piggy's rationality could be responsible for his downfall and could harm his dictatorship. He is envious of his superiority. â€Å"His tone conveyed a warning, given out of the pride of ownership, and the boys ate faster while there was still time. † Jack establishes his authority through brutality and force. He symbolisms the savage and primitive part of human nature. His interactions with others more or less result in a display of rage and anger and h e pitilessly forces the others to adhere to him. He orders the murder of Simon, the theft of Piggy's glasses and even asks for Rally's life.Gilding, through him examines, in depth the evil within man and the ugly part of the human mind. Another character that Gilding uses to further examine the human race is that of Piggy. Through this â€Å"fat boy' the author shows rationality, reason, science and intelligence. Piggy along with his specs is the symbol of wisdom and provides an outlook into scientific man. Despite his intelligence, Piggy has his short comings; he has asthma and is a social outcast due to his superior intellect. He is fear full of Jack and even says, â€Å"We should fear each other†.His character gives the reader yet another example of a different type of human being, one who is above the rest intellectually but suffers from isolation and anxiety. Through him, Gilding dives deeper into the psyche of a visionary. While Piggy, as a character does lend himself to the examination of human nature, his death too is a fine example of Gildings thesis. When Piggy is killed by the tone which is rolled down we see no humanity left within these boys. We see only Ralph grieving the loss of a great friend, but everybody else especially Jack is oblivious.This shows us the common feeling of new within man. All the boys were louses of Piggy, his glasses and his intelligence. The Conch too shatters with Piggy which further accentuates the dilapidation of civilization on the island, it also highlights man's complete disregard for rules and his natural instinct to rebel. If lack is part of darkest hues in the character palate, and Ralph can be painted in shades of grey, Simon resembles the purity of white. In Simon Gilding explores the spiritual and innately good part of the human heart.Simon thinks only for the good of all, he practices meditation and sacrifices himself in an endeavourer to save everybody. He is close to nature and is the only one who ha s a conversation with the sow. It is Simon, who understands the universal truth that it is not each other that we should fear nor I it some third person, but it is the evil within us that will eventually USA . It is rather entourage at t TN this extraordinary, Christ-like texture is continually marginal's and is at the end murdered unfeelingly. In him Gilding pictures the saint, the pure visionary who knows the truth.His character highlights the differently abele or the higher human nature, one which connects with God and Nature. With respect to Simon it is not only he who is a specimen to investigate human nature for Gilding, but his interactions with the sow's head and his death too focus on some other human traits. For example when he talks to the sow he displays a curtain of bravery which could be taken as the bravery of a martyr or the fade of a coward. His death however, according to me displays the most range of human motions.The act itself shows primitive violence and carnal needs at its very roots. The reaction of the boys to the death is indifferent and they go on like nothing has happened, it shows that the different and often better people are always thrown away. It also shows the human habit of denial, where all the boys including Ralph completely deny any part in the killing. In the book, Simon is shown to be a true unsung martyr. The littlest in the book resemble the common man in society and his reflex reaction to conform, whereas the other biggies resemble the followers and ails of the leaders.A bugging who distinctly stands out is Roger, he acts as second in command to Jack and it is he who is responsible for Piggy's death. All the boys fight for power, they all want to control something. The sow shows the need for security, the Conch the superficial need for rules and the glasses the human need for technology. Through the novel, ‘Lord of the Flies' Gilding not only dives into the human mind, heart and soul by meaner of implication, but provides the reader with concrete examples and instances where the various facets of human nature are displayed.It is ironic that when â€Å"the beast† is killed by Jack the fire begins to destroy, and it is the fire, not one of hope but one of destruction that leads to the rescue of the boys. Through all these examples from the text I can without a doubt say that the novel is truly a fine example of an in-depth analysis of human nature. It makes a powerful impact on the reader and gives them food for thought. It makes us think of not only the various possibilities but also the extent to which the human mind and its essential evil nature can raise a storm and leave a pile of destruction behind.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Transportations Effect on Social and Economic Change in America Between 1820 and 1860

In what ways did developments in transportation bring about economic and social change in the United States in the period 1820 to 1860?Between the 1820s and the 1860s, advances were being made in leaps and bounds, especially in transportation. From the invention of the cotton gin to interchangeable parts, mechanical advancements began to take effect. However, Americans were still walking on unprepared ground and taking longer to reach from point A to point B. Because of this boom in technology, in order to get material from one place to another, transportation innovations needed to take place. Thus sprang canals and steamboats to navigate these canals in a timely manner.Roads were created to make travel on horseback or horse-drawn chariots much faster and smoother. Railroads and the train were used to make interstate travel fast and efficient. However, these innovations in transportation did not just affect how fast an American got from point A to point B. Transportation developments also affected our country in other ways, such as economically and socially.Innovations in transportation such as canals, railroads and roads, had a major effect on United States. The Philadelphia Lancaster Turnpike was the first important road in America. It connected Philadelphia with rich farm lands in Lancaster. Because of the success of the turnpike, other states were more inclined to do the same. Cumberland Road was built which connected Maryland to Illinois. Canals impacted the US as well. In 1825 the Eerie Canal was opened starting in Albany by the Hudson River to Buffalo (Great Lakes). This enthused economic growth.Tolls were placed along the length of these turnpikes and canals in order to repay construction costs. Railroads changed small rural towns to commercial metropolises. Railroads began developing in the 1830s and it connected water routes when it was first created. By the 1860s there was approximately 30,000 miles of track. Capital to finance railroads came from pr ivate investors, abroad, and local governments. Fed government gave public land grants to railroads. These transportation developments have great economic and social change in the United States.When it comes to the economic aspect of the country due to the innovations in transportation, we really see a tremendous amount of growth in the North.  Due to many Englishmen who brought their blueprints and ideas along with themselves and who settled mostly in the North, manufacturing and industry began to spread throughout the Union. North and South began to cooperate more in industry, the South providing â€Å"King Cotton† and the North turning that cotton into textiles, the first industry in America.Because westward expansion was now beginning, the problem on conveyance of goods from East to West and vice versa was presented. Therefore, canals, railroads and roads were necessary, the most effective of the three being canals; railroads were used carriage of large amounts of goods , which is still the case today. The ability to get goods from one location to another in a matter of days rather than weeks increased supply and capital.There were also social changes that took place due to transportation. Exploration was easier and the grip of the government was more extensive. Also, because of the economic changes, changes in the social ladder also took place. In the North, the wealthy upper class owned the factories while the lower class worked â€Å"on the floor†. Because of this, the middle class began to shrink until there was a very few amount of Americans that could claim to be middle class. In the South, the same could be true, in a different sense though. Rather than the wealthy owning factories, they owned land, where they grew their precious cotton. The lower class either worked as servants or in the fields, however, the latter was uncommon due to slavery.Due to the advances in transportation, these changes took place. Whether they were for good or bad is up to us to decide. In my opinion, the economic changes were beneficial to America as a whole. Goods were transported quickly and effectively which increased the total revenue for the nation as a whole and more money means funding for other projects that will eventually benefit the country even more. However, the social changes really affected the country in a negative way. Because of the division of classes, people were treated inferior to others and from there sprang grudges and disputes. Slaves were treated as animals and this lead to the Civil War. Sadly, many of those feelings have continued down to this day. Nevertheless, between 1820 and 1860 transportation shifted the infrastructure and economy of the  USA.